I. Instructions
Fault-tolerance is an important system metric for many operating environments, from automotive to space exploration. The conventional technique for improving system reliability is through component replication, which usually comes at significant cost: increased design time, testing, power consumption, volume, and weight. Reconfigurable systems implemented using user-programmable logic elements such as FPGA are well suited for applications where high dependability is required. The problems combined with the design of dependable systems include error detection during system operation, fast fault location, quick recovery from temporary failures, and fast permanent-fault repair [4].