Contents I. Introduction
The control and optimization of large-scale complex systems is of importance due to their ubiquitous appearance in engineering, industrial, social, and economic settings. These systems are usually characterized by features such as high dimensionality and uncertainty, and the system evolution is associated with complex interactions among its constituent parts or subsystems. Techniques for dealing with various large-scale systems include model reduction, aggregation, and hierarchical optimization, just a few examples being [1], [7], [22], [28], and [29].
