I. Introduction
Power systems are routinely subjected to transients initiated by faults, switching equipment, device failures, etc. Such events may cause harm to the system due to abnormal voltages and currents created during the transient. Electrical transients programs are developed in order to be able to simulate bus voltage transients in discrete time. These programs typically formulate the solution using the nodal admittance matrix and solve for bus voltages in discrete time. In assessing the transient voltage effects on equipment directly connected to system buses, bus voltage transients will be sufficient. Although the severest overvoltages usually occur at the line terminals during switching operations or faults, there are such situations when the highest overvoltage occurs at an intermediate point along a transmission line rather than a line terminal. Line operation with metal oxide surge arresters can lead such situations during fault transients or line energizations. Determining the location of the overvoltage is important in such cases due to the insulation concerns. Thus, a method for voltage profile calculation which provides the distribution of the voltage along a transmission line during steady state or transient operation, will have to be developed.