Generalized Kirchoff's current and Voltage law formulation for coupled circuit-electromagnetic Simulation with surface Integral equations

In this paper, a new formulation for coupled circuit-electromagnetic (EM) simulation is presented. The formulation employs full-wave integral equations to model the EM behavior of two- or three-dimensional structures while using modified nodal analysis to model circuit interactions. A coupling scheme based on charge and current continuity and potential matching, realized as a generalization of Kirchoff's voltage and current laws, ensures that the EM and circuit interactions can be formulated as a seamless system. While rigorous port models for EM structures can be obtained using the approach discussed herein, it is shown that the coupling paradigm can reveal additional details of the EM-circuit interactions and can provide a path to analysis-based design iteration.

I Introduction

With THE rapidly increasing interest in applications such as RF wireless communication and high-speed data processing, electronic systems are required to work at progressively higher frequencies [1]. As the operating frequencies enter gigahertz range, phenomena such as crosstalk, power and ground-plane voltage bounce, substrate losses, etc. can no longer be neglected. In order to design high-performance systems with fast time to market, it is essential to be able to analyze whole or part of the system at one fundamentally deeper level of physics: distributed electromagnetic (EM) field analysis needs to be rigorously and seamlessly included as an addition to traditional circuit simulation