Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method for Shearer Rocker Gear Based on Swin Transformer and Multiscale Convolution Parallel Integration

In the harsh underground environment, the transmission gear in the rocker arm of the shearer is susceptible to impact load, frequently leading to failures that result in economic losses or casualties. Therefore, real-time and accurate gear fault diagnosis is crucial. Existing diagnostic models struggle with insufficient feature extraction and low diagnostic accuracy when addressing nonlinear, nonsmooth signals with strong noise in this environment. Therefore, an innovative parallel integration model of Swin Transformer and multiscale convolution is proposed to extract both global and local features under different fault modes and noise conditions. A spatial interaction block is introduced into the Swin Transformer branch to enhance global information acquisition. In multiscale convolutional neural network branches, depthwise separable convolutions with different expansion coefficients are utilized for multiscale extraction of local features to reduce computational complexity. Considering the differences between global and local features, a feature interaction module is added between the two branches to realize the interaction between local and global features, considerably improving the model diagnosis performance. Furthermore, to meet the high real-time diagnosis requirements, a cloud–edge collaboration framework is designed to realize the timely alarm of gear faults through the efficient collaboration between edge nodes and the industrial cloud platform. Using the vibration data collected from the rocker arm loading test bed of Taizhong Coal Machinery and the gear data provided by Southeast University for validation, the results show that the diagnostic precision of the proposed method can reach up to 99.55%. Even when the SNR is -2db, the accuracy is still 93.67%, which is superior to other advanced comparison models, and significantly reduces the completion time of fault diagnosis tasks, and has strong anti-noise and real-time diagnosis capabilities.