Adaptive Event-Triggered Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Full-State Constrained CPSs Under Deception Attacks

This article presents several adaptive event-triggered control (ETC) strategies for a class of uncertain nonlinear cyber–physical systems (CPSs) under constant or time-varying full-state constraints, as well as deception attacks via the senior network. Initially, the system under investigation is reformulated into a new system that encompasses both the original system state and the compromised state, enabling the use of compromised states for feedback control. Subsequently, two innovative asymptotic integral barrier Lyapunov functions (IBLFs) are developed by directly imposing constraints on the compromised state, thereby eliminating the necessity to convert state constraints into error constraints as required by traditional BLFs-based methods. Furthermore, controllers designed using relative/switched threshold event-triggered strategies ensure that all signals within the entire closed-loop system remain bounded, that the constant or time-varying full-state constraints are not breached, and that asymptotic stability is attained without Zeno behavior. Ultimately, simulation results validate the efficacy of the proposed strategies through a practical example.

I. Introduction

Over the past few decades, the theoretical research and engineering applications of cyber–physical systems (CPSs) have garnered significant attention from scholars, leading to a substantial body of literature on the topic (see [1], [2], [3], and references therein). Unlike traditional control systems, the components of CPSs are interconnected through networks rather than direct connections, which introduces an elevated risk of data interception. For instance, eavesdroppers can steal and analyze critical data from power industrial systems, potentially destabilizing these systems and causing widespread blackouts. In CPSs, sensor networks transmit physical data to control terminals, enabling the remote control of physical plants via actuator networks. Given the inherent limitations of digital processors, such as finite-precision arithmetic, event-triggered control (ETC) strategies are indispensable for networked control systems. ETC approaches aim to reduce communication frequencies while maintaining acceptable control accuracy [4], [5], [6], [7]. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze and apply the ETC strategy in theory and practice and meanwhile how to resist cyber-attacks is of great significance due to the vulnerability of the networked systems.