Design and Analysis of Circularly Polarized 2T2R MIMO U Shaped Notched Patch Antenna for Centimeter Wave Applications

In this study, a circularly polarized 2x2 MIMO patch antenna with a U-shaped notched design and quarter-wave transformer feed is developed for 6G communication in the centimeter-wave (cm-wave) spectrum. The antenna utilizes a MIMO feeding technique to enhance its performance, with the resonant frequency set at 11 GHz. The chosen substrate material is Rogers RT 6010, which is appropriate for high-frequency and broadband applications due to its low dielectric loss and dielectric permittivity of 10.5. The dimensions for the single-element patch are 20×20 mm²with a height of 1.9 mm, and for the 2x2 MIMO configuration, the overall size is 40×40 mm²with the same thickness. The primary radiating patch adopts a rectangular shape and employs a quarter-wave transformer feed. Simulations conducted using CST software evaluate key parameters such as Z-parameters, VSWR, S-parameters, gain, directivity, axial ratio, efficiency, radiation patterns, MEG, DG and ECC. The proposed antenna achieves a gain greater than 5 dB, demonstrating its effectiveness for advanced communication applications. Additionally, to verify the suggested design, a patch antenna with a single element is created, and the 2x2 MIMO antenna is further refined to achieve circular polarization and enhanced performance by incorporating a U-shaped notch.

Introduction

The Recent advancements in wireless communication technologies have been transformative, with each generation bringing substantial improvements in speed, coverage, and user experience. The transition from third-generation (3G) to fourth-generation (4G) networks marked significant progress, yet the rapid expansion of data traffic and these systems are now under more pressure due to the emergence of cutting-edge technology like virtual reality (VR) and artificial intelligence (AI). Although 4G networks have provided enhanced connectivity, the growing data consumption and the need for advanced services are pushing their limits. As we move into the era of fifth-generation (5G) networks, these technologies promise improvements in data rates and latency but are still challenged by the requirements of future applications. The forecasted increase in global mobile traffic, expected to reach 5016 exabytes per month by 2030, highlights the need for further advancements beyond 5G.