A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning for Enhanced Node Position Prediction in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

This research study presents a thorough examination of the application of deep learning techniques in enhancing node position prediction within Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). As VANETs become increasingly integral to the development of intelligent transportation systems, accurate and efficient node position prediction emerges as a critical component for ensuring optimal network functionality, safety, and traffic management. This paper explores the performance and adaptability of multiple deep learning models in the dynamic and complicated VANET environment, such as Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We provide a detailed analysis of the existing literature, highlighting the strengths and limitations of different deep learning approaches in handling the high mobility, variable density, and recurrently changing topology of vehicular networks. Furthermore, the survey discusses the integration of contextual information, such as environmental factors and road conditions, into the prediction models, enhancing their accuracy and reliability. We also explore the implications of advanced methodologies like Transfer Learning and Federated Learning in this domain. In addition to providing insights into future research paths, the paper finishes with an assessment of the difficulties encountered in the practical application of these models, including data privacy and computing limits. The goal of this thorough investigation is to provide a roadmap for future developments in node location prediction in VANETs, making it an invaluable tool for scholars and professionals working in the subject of intelligent transportation systems.

1. Introduction

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks, or VANETs, are a revolutionary way to control traffic onroads and facilitate communication between vehicles. VANETs are a type of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) that provide direct communication between vehicles and roadside infrastructure (V2I) as well as between vehicles (V2V). Through sophisticated information exchange technologies, this specialized network aims to increase road safety, boost traffic efficiency, and offer comfort and convenience to car occupants. VANETs are distinguished by their great degree of mobility[1].