Contents I. Introduction
In recent years, the intensifying issues of energy crises and environmental pollution have rendered the urgency to diminish reliance on petroleum and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions increasingly evident. This global context has sparked a heightened focus on the exploration and development of new energy technologies. Among these, fuel cells, distinguished by their cleanliness and efficiency, have emerged as a primary research focus. Concurrently, the ever-increasing demands for high-power, high-reliability, and long-life energy systems in spacecraft have propelled fuel cells into a crucial research frontier for future energy applications, with pressing needs in settings such as space stations and satellites[1]. Particularly, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), endowed with exceptional longevity, high power density[2], among other merits, have become a focal point of contemporary research endeavors in spatial applications.
