Contents I. Introduction
In recent days, green roof systems are involving the integration of vegetation on building rooftops, which gained significant attention as a sustainable solution to urban environmental challenges [1]. These systems suggest multiple benefits, including improved energy efficiency, storm water management, and enhanced biodiversity in urban areas. By absorbing rainwater, green roofs reduce runoff, lowering the risk of flooding and reducing the burden on urban drainage systems. Additionally, plants help insulate buildings, that reducing heating and cooling demands, which leads to significant energy savings and a decrease in urban heat island effects [2]. Green roofs also provide aesthetic value and contribute to the well-being of urban residents by creating green spaces in otherwise built-up areas. As cities continue to grow and face environmental challenges, optimizing the design of green roof systems which focuses in architectural and environmental research. Optimization involves selecting suitable plant species, designing appropriate substrate layers, and considering factors through climate, building structure, and maintenance needs [3]. Advances in materials, engineering, and plant science are crucial for developing efficient, cost-effective green roofs that implemented on a larger scale in urban planning. Selecting appropriate plant species that flourish in diverse climate conditions while requiring minimal maintenance. Structural considerations are critical, as green roofs add weight to buildings and designed to support the load [4].
