I. Introduction
Geological environment primarily consists of Earth’s surface environment and shallow lithosphere that provide necessary resources, including land, mineral, and water resources, to support the development of industrial production and human society [1], [2], [3]. Recent centuries have seen unprecedented human-driven changes to the geological environment and resource consumption, resulting in severe resource shortages and environmental pollution. Consequently, various countries and institutions have initiated systematic geological environment monitoring and surveying, crucial for resource exploitation, land use, and environmental protection [4].