Addressing Voltage Sag Contributions from an Optimally Sized Industrial Hybrid Power System in the Netherlands

Industry plays a significant role in the energy transition due to its share of energy consumption. More complex energy systems are proposed to accelerate the energy transition, including coupling renewable energy sources and energy storage to supply part of the industrial loads locally. In this work, we used a multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimally size an industrial hybrid power system comprising a PV system, a battery energy storage system, and a diesel generator to minimise energy costs and overall equivalent CO2 emissions. The results suggest that the system does not require high power and capacity components to minimise the energy cost and equivalent CO2 emissions, highlighting the importance of the EMS strategy. In our case scenario, the optimal HPS reduced the emission cost by 46.7 % and the energy cost by 8.7 %. For the EMS, we proposed a rolling horizon average approach, which defines a setpoint for the power exchanged with the grid to minimise its change rate in time. The EMS dispatched the power to minimise the sudden changes in the demand from the network, with a power allocation priority order of PV, BESS, and generator. We also evaluated the effect of adding the optimally sized hybrid power system into a CIGRE medium-voltage distribution network, using a real industrial load profile for each node. The hybrid power system improved the voltage sag on the hybrid power energy system node and its neighbouring nodes.

I. Introduction

The Dutch industry plays a significant role in the nation’s energy consumption, accounting for around 46 % of the total electric energy usage by 2021 [1]. As a result, the sector is responsible for a third of the total CO₂ emissions in the Netherlands [2]. This heavy reliance on conventional energy sources raises environmental concerns and highlights the need for sustainable energy solutions. Transitioning to a more sustainable energy system mitigates climate change, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and ensures long-term energy security. To address these challenges, the concept of hybrid power systems (HPS) has emerged as a promising solution [3]. HPS combine different energy sources, including Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Energy Storage Systems (ESS), and supplementary generation capabilities, to achieve a more balanced and efficient energy supply. If the HPS consider other demands, such as thermal, it can be defined as a multi-carrier energy system. By integrating these diverse components, HPS can optimise energy generation, enhance grid stability, and reduce costs and environmental impact.