Asymmetric Bargaining-Based SOP Planning Considering Peer-to-Peer Electricity Trading

The flexible power distribution devices, represented by soft open points (SOPs), can facilitate power exchange among regional distribution networks. However, given the substantial investment in SOPs, there exists an urgent need for their reasonable configuration and fair allocation among multi-stakeholders. Promisingly, the peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading based on SOPs can not only effectively reduce operational cost, but also impart revenue-generating abilities to SOP investment. Aiming at the optimal SOP configuration under multi-stakeholder investment, this paper proposes an asymmetric bargaining-based planning method for SOPs considering P2P trading. First, a planning-operation two-layer coupling framework of SOPs is established under multi-stakeholder games. In the planning layer, analyzing the game behaviors among multiple distribution companies (DISCOs), an asymmetric bargaining-based planning model is formulated to obtain the configuration and investment schemes of SOPs. In the operational layer, the P2P trading and the profitability of multiple DISCOs are driven by price incentives. Then, a two-layer coupling model is built and efficiently solved using the generalized Benders decomposition algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on a practical distribution network. The proposed method incentivizes investment in SOPs by balancing the interests of multiple DISCOs, while efficiently improving the operational performance of distribution networks.

I. Introduction

The large-scale integration of distributed energy resources and charging loads poses significant challenges to the balance between power supply and demand in distribution networks (DNs) [1]. Limited by the acting frequency of the primary regulation equipment [2], conventional adjustment means have difficulties in responding to rapid fluctuations in power flows. This mismatch in time-scale has led to an increasing demand for flexible resources [3], which are highly effective in grid regulation [4]. Meanwhile, the novel power distribution devices based on power electronic technologies, represented by soft open points (SOPs), provide the fundamentals for the feasibility of flexible regulation [5]. By integrating the complementary benefits of multi-type resources in spatial and temporal aspects, the SOP is able to optimize power flows in real-time and improve the operation performance [6]. Thus, its role as an important flexible resource has been increasingly emphasized.