Contents I. Introduction
With the rapid development of modern wireless communication, realizing high-performance beamforming over a wide scanning range has emerged as a pressing challenge. Phased array antennas, renowned for their ability to electronically steer beams without mechanical motion, have been extensively applied in various fields including radar system, satellite communication, and wireless networks [1], [2]. However, the scanning coverage of conventional phased array antennas is generally constrained within a certain region, for example, about 60° [3], leaving further expanding the scanning angle of phased arrays as a crucial research issue. In addition, most phased arrays usually encounter bandwidth limitations, hindering their performance in broadband application scenarios.
