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Experimental Validation of Single BS 5G mmWave Positioning and Mapping for Intelligent Transport | IEEE Journals & Magazine | IEEE Xplore

Experimental Validation of Single BS 5G mmWave Positioning and Mapping for Intelligent Transport


Abstract:

Positioning with 5G signals generally requires connection to several base stations (BSs), which makes positioning more demanding in terms of infrastructure than communica...Show More

Abstract:

Positioning with 5G signals generally requires connection to several base stations (BSs), which makes positioning more demanding in terms of infrastructure than communications. To address this issue, there have been several theoretical studies on single BS positioning, leveraging high-resolution angle and delay estimation and multipath exploitation possibilities at mmWave frequencies. This paper presents the first realistic experimental validation of such studies, involving a commercial 5G mmWave BS with a customized beam sweep procedure and a user equipment (UE) development kit mounted on a test vehicle. We present the relevant signal models, and signal processing methods, and validate these based on data collected in an outdoor science park environment. Our results indicate that positioning is possible, but the performance is limited by the knowledge of the position and orientation of the infrastructure and the multipath visibility and diversity.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology ( Volume: 73, Issue: 11, November 2024)
Page(s): 16744 - 16757
Date of Publication: 24 June 2024

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I. Introduction

5G and Beyond 5G communication systems are expected to play an important role in intelligent transportation [1], complementing on-board sensors such as radar, lidar, and global navigation satellite system (GNSS), by providing an absolute position estimate, even in harsh urban and indoor environments. To realize 5G/B5G positioning, standardization efforts in 3GPP and ETSI as well as different means of technical enhancements are provided to support a variety of commercial use cases with different performance requirements [2], [3]. The main technical enabler for accurate positioning in 5G vehicular networks is the ability to operate at mmWave frequencies above 24 GHz, which brings a number of concrete benefits [4], [5], [6]: (i) Large bandwidths in the order of 400 MHz are available at mmWave, providing high delay resolution; (ii) A greater number of antenna elements can be deployed within a fixed footprint in mmWave compared to sub-6 GHz, both at BS and UE sides. This allows for high angular resolution and the potential for UE orientation estimation; (iii) Due to increased shadowing and less reflection, the propagation channel at mmWave tends to be more geometric compared to sub-6 GHz carriers, enabling the development of practical and scalable model-based positioning algorithms.

References

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