I. Introduction
Embedded electronic devices are essential components of networked systems requiring strong cryptography to maintain data confidentiality and integrity. Despite such cryptographic primitives, the security of deployed de-vices can still be compromised by attackers, who gain access to them in hostile environments and launch physical attacks. Physical attacks pose a severe threat to the hardware implementation of any computing system. The most powerful tools in the arsenal of physical attacks are fault injection and side-channel attacks. Moreover, the advent of sophisticated temperature-based fault injection and side-channel attacks have added another dimension, unveiling the vulnerabilities posed by temperature variations on integrated circuits (ICs) and electronic devices [1]. Heating fault attacks [2] and temperature-assisted side-channel attacks [3] represent two distinct yet interrelated facets of exploiting temperature-induced weaknesses in hardware security. These attacks leverage the manipulation of temperatures to induce faults, trigger malfunctions, or extract sensitive information, like parts of the internal memory and cryptographic key from targeted devices [4], [5].