Contents I. Introduction
The stability and performance of power systems are paramount for ensuring the reliable operation of energy grids [1]. In interconnected power systems, addressing the challenges posed by dynamic load variations is crucial [2]. Power generation and demand must be carefully balanced to ensure stable power system operation. But it's naturally difficult to keep this equilibrium, especially when there are unexpected and abrupt changes in load. [3]–[6]. To reduce the imbalance 979-8-3503-7089-8/24/$31.00 © 2024 IEEE between the generation of power and the consumption of it, the gate or valve position of the turbine is automatically adjusted. By using an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system, this is accomplished. [7]. The water or steam input to the turbine is adjusted to guarantee alignment with the actual power need. Automatic generation control (AGC) and automatic load frequency control (LFC) are two terms used to describe this process. [8] Prime mover control systems offer a way to maintain frequency stability and control power. It is not easy to match generated power exactly to load under nominal conditions. When human control is no longer feasible, the management of tie-line power and frequency in linked power systems becomes a major challenge. [7], [9], [10].
