Resource Management From Single-Domain 5G to End-to-End 6G Network Slicing: A Survey

Network Slicing (NS) is one of the pillars of the fifth/sixth generation (5G/6G) of mobile networks. It provides the means for Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to leverage physical infrastructure across different technological domains to support different applications. This survey analyzes the progress made on NS resource management across these domains, with a focus on the interdependence between domains and unique issues that arise in cross-domain and End-to-End (E2E) settings. Based on a generic problem formulation, NS resource management functionalities (e.g., resource allocation and orchestration) are examined across domains, revealing their limits when applied separately per domain. The appropriateness of different problem-solving methodologies is critically analyzed, and practical insights are provided, explaining how resource management should be rethought in cross-domain and E2E contexts. Furthermore, the latest advancements are reported through a detailed analysis of the most relevant research projects and experimental testbeds. Finally, the core issues facing NS resource management are dissected, and the most pertinent research directions are identified, providing practical guidelines for new researchers.

I. Introduction

The fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks is transforming connectivity, catalyzing the development of a digitized society. In this context, network Slicing (NS) has been pioneered by Research and Development (R&D) teams in both industry and academia, paving the way towards 5G’s digitalization. NS enables 5G to support a wide range of requirements, including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), and massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC). NS divides the network into slices, each with unique features tailored to meet the heterogeneous requirements of individual users. This approach contrasts with the one-size-fits-all strategy of previous generations (i.e., 2G-4G) of mobile networks, leading to superior adaptability, enhanced performance, and additional opportunities for new service offerings for Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) [1]. In addition to supporting 5G services, NS allows MNOs to launch novel and unprecedented applications [2]. The NS technology is continuously evolving with the development of 5G-Advanced [3] and it is expected to be incorporated into 6G networks due to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness. The NS market is projected to grow by over fifty percent annually from 2023 to 2030 [4], offering a revenue opportunity of approximately 45 billion in 2025 and 200 billion in 2030 [2]. Furthermore, it is anticipated that 30% of potential 5G use cases will require NS as a facilitator [5].