Adaptability Analysis of Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Energy Storage Systems Under Different Grid Conditions

In recent years, the installed capacity of energy storage systems (ESS) has shown explosive growth, which has had a certain impact on the characteristics of the grid. This paper analyzes the adaptability of the grid-following and the grid-forming ESS. The grid-following control strategy, utilizing a phase-locked loop (PLL) to synchronize with the grid voltage phase. It is equivalent to a current source, which poses a higher risk of instability under weak grid conditions. The grid-forming ESS operates in a self-synchronous mode, thus being free from the influence of PLL and able to provide frequency and voltage support, making it more suitable for operation in weak grid conditions. It is found that by adjusting the proportion of grid-forming ESS, it is possible to adapt to different grid conditions and achieve stable operation. Simulation results validate the analysis.

I. Introduction

In recent years, the global focus on sustainable and clean energy solutions has led to significant advancements in the development of new energy sources. The world is witnessing a remarkable shift towards new energy sources, driven by the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Renewable energy, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power, has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. These sources are abundant, environmentally friendly, and offer long-term sustainability. Governments, businesses, and individuals are increasingly investing in renewable energy infrastructure, leading to a substantial increase in its capacity and efficiency. The development of new energy sources brings numerous benefits. Firstly, it reduces dependence on fossil fuels, which are finite and contribute to environmental degradation. Secondly, new energy technologies have become more cost-effective, making them economically viable alternatives. Thirdly, the decentralized nature of renewable energy allows for energy independence and resilience in the face of natural disasters or disruptions in the power grid. Moreover, the growth of new energy industries has created job opportunities and stimulated economic growth.