Contents I. Introduction
In recent years, the landscape of wireless communication technology has undergone rapid and transformative changes to meet the escalating demand for high data rates across various emerging applications. However, the lower-frequency spectrum below 6 GHz has become increasingly congested, prompting a global paradigm shift towards utilizing millimeter-wave frequencies to develop 5G and 6G communication systems in millimeter-wave frequencies [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30]. In the context of B5G/6G [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], satellite communications have a significant focus, with some frequency bands overlapping with the Ka-band used for 5G communication. This has wide-ranging applications, including backup data communication, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention, and maritime IoT. Established companies like SpaceX [31] and Amazon [32] are launching commercial low Earth orbit satellites on a large scale, making satellite communication more accessible to the market. Power amplifiers (PAs) ensure signals maintain robust strength in long-distance transmission and high-interference environments, which is critical in wireless communications. High-power, high-efficiency broadband PAs are in response to modern communication systems’ ever-increasing complexity and high-performance requirements.
