Integrating Advanced Deep Learning Features with SVM for Pathological Brain Detection: A Novel Hybrid Approach

The objective of this study is to create an automated method for detecting pathological conditions in the brain, which can aid radiologists in accurately identifying brain diseases more efficiently. By integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into the proposed system, it is anticipated that more precise information regarding brain soft tissues can be obtained. We propose a novel hybrid approach with non-handcrafted feature extraction techniques during study. During the feature extraction phase, we have employed two deep learning models called VGG-16 and Inception V3. The extracted feature vectors from each model have been concatenated and creates an ultimate feature vector for each image. The principal component analysis (PCA) has been utilised to reduce the feature set. Following this, we employed support vector machine with three kernels to categorize as pathological or healthy. For effectiveness of the suggested approach on confirmed using a publicly available dataset called DS-255 having 255 images. To ensure robust validation, a five-fold stratified cross-validation process has implemented. From experimental analysis, we observed our deployed scheme achieved better performance result i.e., 98% based on AUC value 1.00. The simulation outcomes unequivocally represents, employed scheme outperforms superior than other traditional algorithms in form of detection outcomes, even when working based on limited number of features.

I. Introduction

Currently, the frequency of brain illnesses rises significantly as people age. These illnesses divided into four types like, including strokes, such as brain tumors, infectious diseases & degenerative diseases. Such conditions create serious issues and can even result in fatality. Hence, it is crucial to create an early detection system for making accurate clinical judgments [1]. Developing an early diagnosis system, termed pathological brain detection (PBD), is essential [2], [3]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides rich information, but manual interpretation is time-consuming [4], [5]. To address this, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems, known as pathological brain detection systems (PBDSs), have been created to assist medical experts developing more quickly and precisely decisions with MRI data [6].