Sustainable Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol Using Chaotic Maps for Industry 5.0

With the rapid development and maturity of human-machine interaction and industrial Internet technology, the concept of a human-machine collaborative industrial model has emerged in Industry 5.0. As human-machine interaction involves extensive information exchange between consumers and robots, authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocols are commonly employed to ensure secure communication. However, conventional AKA protocols fall short in meeting the need for sustainable consumer electronics, which can result in a wastage of resources. To enhance the sustainability of consumer electronics, a practical chaotic map-based AKA protocol for future secure communication in Industry 5.0 is proposed, which can achieve secure authentication among consumers, gateway nodes and IoT-based consumer electronics and generate session key. Moreover, biometrics are implanted through specific devices and adopted as an authentication factor to resist password leakage attack. Session key security is proven by using Real-Or-Random (ROR) along with informal security analysis. Furthermore, the widely accepted AVISPA is used to verify whether the protocol can resist active attacks. Finally, the protocol is analyzed through experimental simulations and the experimental results show that it can be applied to future Industry 5.0 communication architectures with better performance.

I. Introduction

Recently, Industry 5.0 [1] has been proposed as a concept for the future of industry, which is based on Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 is the use of information technology to promote industrial change to achieve industrial intelligence. Its goal is to create a high-flexible production model for personalized and digitized products and services. Different from Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0 focuses more on the collaborative relationship between humans and machines. Although Industry 5.0 is a continuation and innovation of Industry 4.0 [2], it moves the focus of industry away from technology and towards the fulfillment of consumers’ demands for customization and sustainable development. People can produce personalized products through human-machine collaboration rather than automated generation by traditional industrial robots. However, human-machine collaborative production model also brings new challenges for establishing secure communications between consumer electronics [3]. Tampering or forgery of collaborative commands will damage both production and service. Moreover, the solutions to protect communication security in Industry 4.0 cannot meet the needs of sustainable development [4] in Industry 5.0. Therefore, enabling secure and sustainable communication is an urgent issue for Industry 5.0.