AiCareBreath: IoT-Enabled Location-Invariant Novel Unified Model for Predicting Air Pollutants to Avoid Related Respiratory Disease

This article presents a location-invariant air pollution prediction model with good geographic generalizability. The model uses a light GBR as part of a machine-learning framework to capture the spatial identification of air contaminants. Given the dynamic nature of air pollution, the model also uses a random forest to capture temporal dependencies in the data. Our model uses a transfer learning strategy to deal with location variability. The algorithm can learn concentration patterns because it has been trained on a vast data set of air quality measurements from various locations. The trained model is then improved using information from a particular target site, customizing it to the features of the target area. Experiments are carried out on a comprehensive data set containing air pollution measurements from various places to assess the efficacy of the proposed model. The recommended method performs better than standard models at forecasting air pollution levels, proving its dependability in various geographical settings. An interpretability analysis is also performed to learn about the variables affecting air pollution levels. We identify the geographical patterns associated with high-pollutant concentrations by visualizing the learned representations within the model, giving important information for environmental planning and mitigation methods. The observations show that the model outperforms state-of-the-art forecasting based on recurrent neural network and transformer-based models. The suggested methodology for forecasting air contaminants has the potential to improve air quality management and aid in decision-making across numerous regions. This helps safeguard the environment and public health by creating more precise and dependable air pollution forecast systems.

I. Introduction and Motivation

Air pollution, a pressing global issue, poses a significant threat to human health and the environment [1]. Among the numerous pollutants, nitrogen dioxide , ozone , sulfur dioxide , carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less , and PM with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less are of particular concern. Predicting the levels of these air pollutants accurately and effectively has become a crucial area of research and development, aiming to provide insights into their distribution, sources, and potential impacts [2].