The Internet of Things-Enabled Smart City: An In-Depth Review of Its Domains and Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a comprehensive system that integrates diverse devices and technologies, thereby eliminating the need for human involvement. IoT has played a pivotal role in advancing the creation of Smart City (SC) systems, which aim to promote sustainable living, enhance citizen comfort, and boost productivity. IoT-enabled SC encompasses multiple sectors and relies on diverse underlying systems to facilitate its functioning. This article begins with an overview of the IoT-enabled SC. It proceeds to comprehensively investigate seven primary sections and over thirty sub-sections, drawing insights from a thorough analysis of one hundred credible papers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a thorough comprehension of the importance of SCs in both individual and societal contexts.

I. Introduction

By 2050, 68% of the world's population will live in urban regions, a growth of more than 10% during the next three decades. Data revealed a dramatic growth in urbanization from 751 million in 1950 to 4.2 billion in 2018 [1]. By 2040, the world's energy consumption is projected to increase by 56% due to the difficulties brought on by the accelerated development of digital technologies [2]. Over the next 30 years, urbanization rises by more than 10%, reflecting the world's rapidly expanding population. 70% of the world's use of natural resources occurs in urban areas, exacerbating pollution, ecosystem degradation, and energy constraints. Due to their focus on reducing costs and increasing employment opportunities while also tackling climate change and providing access to clean water, urban areas face a substantial challenge from the limited resource accessibility [3].