A Highly Integrated Multipolarization Wideband Rectenna for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT)

Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) presents a paradigm shift in future wireless sensing networks (WSNs) and industrial Internet of Things (IoT). A robust receiver capable of effectively capturing random signals from diverse environments is of utmost importance. To address this, we propose a multi-polarization wideband rectenna design, which integrates a novel symmetrical five-port hybrid-ring coupler and highly efficient Class-F rectifier in a compact manner. Due to the high symmetry between the ring coupler and the antenna, the impedance bandwidth (IBW) ( $S_{11} < -10$ dB) and the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) (AR < 3 dB) of the rectenna is highly coincident for different polarization methods, thereby effectively improving the operational stability and robustness of the multi-polarization rectenna. Our design has demonstrated over 46.3% operational bandwidth (4.12–6.6 GHz) and over 10% circular polarization (CP) bandwidth. The wireless power receiving port has more than 55.6% (up to 76.5%) conversion efficiency over a power dynamic range of 0–10 dBm, while the optimal power routing of different ports can be obtained via the adjustment of the five-port coupler. Our wideband receiver excels in robust signal reception of arbitrary polarization waves, making it suitable for a range of real-world application scenarios in WSN and industrial IoT. It enables optimal power routing and efficient wireless powering, enhancing the overall performance of future WSNs and IoT applications.

I. Introduction

With the explosion of 5G and wireless communication technologies, electromagnetic energy or radio frequency (RF) power over microwave (MW) bands has been widely distributed in domestic living environment [1].