IoT-Enabled Multimodal Biometric Recognition System in Secure Environment

A multimodal biometric recognition system on Internet of Things (IoT) with Blockchain environments has been proposed in this article. This system distributes a decentralized biometric authentication process mechanism and improves security in the IoT environment. The implementation of this system consists of five components: 1) image preprocessing; 2) feature representation; 3) cancelable biometrics; 4) classification; and 5) encryption–decryption of multimodal biometrics templates. A region of interest is segmented from each biometric trait during image preprocessing. Then, a discriminant feature extraction technique has been employed for feature computation. A cancellable biometric system (CBS) is introduced to secure and preserve the original biometric features from external hazards and misuse. The extracted cancelable features undergo classification to perform the subjects’ authentication. Then, a method of encryption–decryption of templates is performed to handle the various online authentication attacks and improve IoT-enabled authentication. Finally, the recognition scores due to iris, periocular, palmprint, and face biometrics are fused to increase the performance of the proposed IoT-enabled multimodal biometric system. The proposed system obtains identification performance 99.92%, 100% for CASIA-V4-distance (CASIA-DIST), UBIRIS-v2 iris, 100% for periocular (CASIA-DIST, UBIRIS-v2), 100% for Bosphorus palmprint, and 100% for FERET face databases using 30-D cancelable features that show the superiority of the proposed system as compared with state-of-the-art methods.

I. Introduction

Internet of Things with Blockchain [1]-enabled systems have revolutionized modern security systems. The Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled network secures the blockchain network so that data sharing will be made privately accessible without central control and management. Based on the concept of IoT with blockchain-enabled networks, the usage of biometrics is increasing in the various fields of our daily life [2]. Biometrics plays a vital role in person authentication [3]. It has unique characteristics that can distinguish one person from another. The biometric characteristics are anatomical or physical (i.e., face, iris, palmprint, hand geometry, hand vein, fingerprints, ear shape, tooth shape, DNA, etc.) and behavioral characteristics (i.e., voice, gait, signature, keystroke dynamics, etc.). These characteristics are considered the unique pattern for each person and have more comprehensive IoT network-based applications, such as Bank accounts, digital forensics, ID cards, Visa, ATMs, Electronic Voting systems, Passports, etc. The Biometric-based system has various advantages, such as uniqueness, accuracy, user-friendliness, and universality. Hence, the proposed system offers an IoT-enabled person authentication system with hybrid template protection schemes.