Indoor RFID Localization Algorithm Based on WOA

With the advantage of low cost, RFID has become a hot topic in indoor localization research. This paper presents an indoor location algorithm based on the whale optimization algorithm, which transforms the location problem into an optimization problem. Combined with esprit angle measurement algorithm and the frequency hopping ranging principle, an evaluation function integrating angle error function and distance error function is designed to constrain the search direction of whale optimization algorithm, then the positioning is completed through continuous iteration. Through experimental verification, the median error of the proposed positioning algorithm is 8.81cm.

I. Introduction

With the rapid development of information technology, the demand for location-based services (LBS) is increasing. Existing indoor positioning technologies mainly include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, UWB and RFID. Among them, RFID stands out with the characteristics of low cost, wide application range and fast reading speed. The existing RFID positioning technologies are mainly based on RSSI and phase. Methods based on phase are mostly based on geometric solution[1–2]. Most geometry-based localization algorithms are time-consuming. This paper proposes a Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) based localization algorithm, which searches the optimal solution according to the evaluation function established by the angle error function and distance error function, which greatly reduces the algorithm complexity and achieves high positioning accuracy.