Generalizable Segmentation of COVID-19 Infection From Multi-Site Tomography Scans: A Federated Learning Framework

COVID-19-like pandemics are a major threat to the global health system that causes a lot of deaths across ages. Large-scale medical images (i.e., X-rays, computed tomography (CT)) dataset is favored to the accuracy of deep learning (DL) in the screening of COVID-19-like pneumonia. The cost, time, and efforts for acquiring and annotating, for instance, large CT datasets make it impossible to obtain large numbers of samples from a single institution. The research attentions have been moved toward sharing medical images from numerous medical institutions. However, owing to the necessity to preserve the privacy of the data of a patient, it is challenging to build a centralized dataset from many institutions, especially during the pandemic. More. The difference in the data acquisition process from one institution to another brings another challenge known as distribution heterogeneity. This paper presents a novel federated learning framework, called Federated Multi-Site COVID-19 (FEDMSCOV), for efficient, generalizable, and privacy-preserved segmentation of COVID-19 infection from multi-site data. In FEDMSCOV, a novel is local drift smoothing (LDS) module encodes the input from feature space to frequency space, aiming to suppress the modules that are not conducive to generalization. Given the smoothed local updated, FEDMSCOV presents a novel Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) scheme to resolve global shift in parameters. An adapted differential privacy method is applied to design and protect the privacy of local updates during the training. Experimental evaluation on a large-scale multi-institutional COVID-19 dataset demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed framework over competing learning approaches with statistical significance.

I. Introduction

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has played a vital role to improve the precision, dependability, and efficiency of healthcare services in smart cities. The research community has shown great interest in computerizing the IoMT as it relates to standard medical resources and healthcare services [1]. The IoMT can reduce needless actions and obligations of healthcare institutions by seamlessly linking patients and medical staff and transmitting diagnostic and therapeutic data [2].