Lithium-ion Battery Management System: A review

The practical design of an Electric Vehicle (EV) relies on battery characteristics, and various types of batteries available on the market. Owing towards it, the lithium-ion battery is found to be the best alternative for commercial applications due to its high energy density, the amount of energy stored by their physical weight, a low self-discharging and low cost. In order to keep the total electric vehicle system safe, effective, and reliable, battery packs must be routinely checked and controlled. Since a Battery Management System (BMS) is being constructed, the battery pack alone could not function or reach its maximum capacity unless some strong, effective, and cutting-edge controls being created around it. BMS perform the following activities: battery health monitoring, temperature monitoring, cell balancing, thermal management, etc. For the measurement, different analog/digital sensors are used in conjunction with microcontrollers for monitoring purposes. As a result, this paper can be a useful resource for researchers who are interested to the application of battery management systems and related topics.

I. Introduction

Batteries are the primary energy source in various applications, ranging from portable devices to Electric Vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the preferred method for hybrid and fully electric vehicles, power appliances, and portable gadgets due to their unmatched combination of energy and power density [1]. At present LIBs play the main role for the majority of all batteries, not only rule the portable electronics battery business, but also find extensive use in the expanding stationary and automobile energy storage markets [2]–[4]. From the above mentioned the battery technologies that came before lithium (for example nickel or lead-acid batteries) and after lithium, also known as post-lithium technologies, like sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), generally have minimum energy densities and specific energies which is contrast with cutting-edge LIBs.