A Novel Routing Protocol based on Prediction of Energy Consumption and Link Stability in Mobile Internet of Thing (MIoT)

Mobile Internet of Things (MIoTs), a promising 5G network application, has begun attracting attention from academia and industry. MIoTs use various sensors and wireless communication protocols. By adopting sophisticated technologies, people are leveraging IoTs to facilitate their tasks. In today's IoT devices, the mobility of the nodes is one of the essential features to be considered in real-world applications. However, it has several challenges, such as high latency time and energy consumption. Consequently, implementing efficient strategies in an IoT network is a vital concern to improve user satisfaction, because adding more sensors might reduce the Quality of Service (QoS), and overcome the current MIoT issues. The clustering strategy is one effective method to increase the number of live nodes and lengthen network life. Moreover, routing and data forwarding protocols significantly save precious nodes' resources and maintain the links between nodes. This paper proposes a new routing scheme based on the expected energy consumption and link stability, in which the strategy of distances is used to predict the consumed energy. Moreover, we propose a better forward data scheme using the link stability criterion. Furthermore, we validate and evaluate our work through extensive simulations using MATLAB software. Our results demonstrate that the proposed methods outperform the existing related schemes regarding the number of live nodes, reliability, and latency.

I. Introduction

Recently, 5G network applications, such as the internet of things (loTs), have become under wide demand from users. Hence, it occupies a considerable interest from both academia and industry researchers [1]–[3]. Nowadays, IoT enters the field of several domains, e.g., smart homes and smart cities, industrial automation, and health care systems. By the end of 2025, it is expected that everyone will have nine intelligent gadgets [4]. In loT, the nodes are the key players, responsible for sensing, collecting, transferring, and processing data from the environment to Base Station (BS). Moreover, the energy of loT nodes is limited since all node operations mainly depend on the stored power in its battery. Thus, if the node wastes much energy for communication and information transfer to other nodes, this node battery will die. Hence, the challenges of low reliability and high latency appear in many practical applications that use such networks. Consequently, it is essential to propose techniques that aim to increase the node and the network's lifetimes by considering the energy consumption constraint.