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Ahmed Zoha - IEEE Xplore Author Profile

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The advent of Federated Learning (FL) empowers IoT devices to collectively train a shared model without local data exposure. In order to address the issue of Non-IID that causes model performance degradation, the recently proposed federated codistillation framework has shown great potential. However, due to the system heterogeneity of devices, the federated codistillation framework still faces a s...Show More
Predicting signal blockages in millimetre-wave and terahertz networks is essential for enabling proactive handover (PHO) and ensuring seamless connectivity. Existing approaches utilising deep learning, multi-modal vision and wireless sensing data primarily depend on centralised model training. Although these techniques are effective, they come with high communication costs, inefficient bandwidth u...Show More
Resilient federated learning (FL) systems are essential for accurate load forecasting, especially when under adversarial attacks. Since these systems aggregate decentralized data from various sources, they are particularly vulnerable to attacks that can undermine forecast accuracy and reliability. To enhance robustness in load forecasting, our study investigates methods for strengthening FL system...Show More
Consumer energy data presents unique challenges in terms of privacy and security due to the vast amounts generated by IoT-based devices. Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a privacy-preserving and cost-efficient approach for training machine learning models, offering solutions to protect consumers' data from breaches. However, FL models are still vulnerable to privacy attacks. To mitigate thes...Show More
Indoor visible light communication (VLC) is considered secure against attackers outside the confined area where the light propagates, but it is still susceptible to interception from eavesdroppers inside the coverage area. A new technology, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), has been recently introduced, offering a way to control and steer light propagation in VLC systems. This letter proposes...Show More
Millimeter wave (mmWave) bands come with a deployment challenge of signal degradation when an obstacle blocks the line of sight (LOS) link. This paper proposes an intra-cell proactive handover (PHO) framework utilizing links from an intelligent reflective surface (IRS) to assist a 60GHz mmWave transmitter. Empowered by vision-aided wireless communication (VAWC) the PHO is aiming to replace a block...Show More
The millimetre-wave (mmWave) based frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is a pioneering technique for non-invasive vital sign monitoring, specifically designed for integration within 5G/Beyond 5G (B5G) network environments. In this study, we focus on evaluating the accuracy of the FMCW radar in measuring heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) at various heights relative to the subje...Show More
Heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) are essential in modern communication systems, as they seamlessly integrate various radio access technologies (RATs). In this context, network selection (NS) emerges as a pivotal element, responsible for selecting the most appropriate network for user equipment (UE) during transitions between RATs. Conventional NS mechanisms, such as the multi-attribute decis...Show More
The occupancy datasets are useful for planning important buildings’ related tasks such as optimal design, space utilization, energy management, maintenance, etc. Researchers are currently working on two key issues in building management systems. First, feasible and economical deployment of indoor and outdoor weather and energy monitoring sensors for data acquisition. Second, the development and im...Show More
This article introduces a new method to improve the dependability of millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) network services in dynamic outdoor environments. In these settings, line-of-sight (LoS) connections are easily interrupted by moving obstacles like humans and vehicles. The proposed approach, coined as Radar-aided Dynamic blockage Recognition (RaDaR), leverages radar measurements and ...Show More
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an essential part of 5G, Beyond-5G (B5G), and 6G systems; it has several applications in two of the principal 5G use cases, namely ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) and massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and in their successors within B5G and 6G: extreme ultra-reliable low-latency communication (eURLLC) and ultra-massive machine-type communi...Show More
In pediatric care, non-invasive monitoring of the heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) faces challenges due to random child movements. These random movements can significantly degrade the accuracy of estimates derived from non-invasive radar systems. This study addressed this challenge by incorporating the variational mode decomposition (VMD) technique as a denoising tool in conjunction with ...Show More
Exploiting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for delivery services is expected to reduce delivery time and human resource costs. However, the proximity of these UAVs to the ground can make them an ideal target for opportunistic criminals. Consequently, UAVs may be hacked, diverted from their destinations, or used for malicious purposes. Furthermore, as a decentralized (peer-to-peer) technology, the ...Show More
The rapid evolution of drone communication systems necessitates the development of novel approaches for optimal beam management in millimetre wave (mmWave) 6G networks. Beamforming is used to improve signal quality and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); however, the existing beam management performs an exhaustive search over the pre-defined codebook, resulting in higher latency due to traini...Show More
Federated Learning (FL) is susceptible to backdoor adversarial attacks during the training process, which poses a significant threat to the model's performance. Existing adversarial mitigation solutions mainly rely on the neural network (NN) model statistics and discard an entire client model if attacked. This approach is not feasible as it results in suboptimal performance. Hence, it is crucial t...Show More
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently established their capacity to provide cost-effective and credible solutions for various real-world scenarios. UAVs provide an immense variety of services due to their autonomy, mobility, adaptability, and communications interoperability. Despite the expansive use of UAVs to support ground communications, data exchanges in those networks are susceptible...Show More
Line of sight (LoS) links that use high frequencies are sensitive to blockages, making it challenging to scale future ultra-dense networks (UDN) that capitalise on millimetre wave (mmWave) and potentially terahertz (THz) networks. This paper embraces two novelties; Firstly, it combines machine learning (ML) and computer vision (CV) to enhance the reliability and latency of next-generation wireless...Show More
New technological advancements in wireless networks have enlarged the number of connected devices. The unprecedented surge of data volume in wireless systems empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) opens up new horizons for providing ubiquitous data-driven intelligent services. Traditional cloud-centric machine learning (ML)-based services are implemented by centrally collecting datasets and tra...Show More
The upsurge in wireless devices and real-time service demands force the move to a higher frequency spectrum. Millimetre-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) bands combined with the beamforming technology offer significant performance enhancements for future wireless networks. Unfortunately, shrinking cell coverage and severe penetration loss experienced at higher spectrum render mobility management a...Show More
With the ever-increasing internet of things (IoT) and the rise of edge computing, federated learning (FL) is considered a promising solution for privacy and latency-aware applications. However, the data is highly distributed among several clients, making it challenging to monitor node anomalies caused by malfunctioning devices or any other unforeseen reasons. In this paper, we propose FedClamp, an...Show More
As a natural brain process, mind-wandering happens spontaneously and is usually linked with outcomes that affect students' performance in educational settings. In addition to capturing pupil and gaze coordinates in high resolution and with accuracy, wearable eye-trackers were used in this pilot study to infer student attention during an online lecture. While gaze is a good indicator for measuring ...Show More
Current solar energy systems design methods mainly rely on experts developing designs on 2D flat screens using outdated CAD models. Immersive 3D design methods may democratise the design process, such that systems can be designed quickly and accurately. Therefore, in this manuscript we measure user engagement or stress levels in both a 2D and 3D immersive virtual reality environment during a solar...Show More
This study presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar solution for contact-free sensing and estimating human vital signs. The proposed solution uses radio frequency (RF) signals to estimate even the tiniest chest movements, including those induced by breathing and the heartbeat. Our algorithm calculates heart rate (HR) and breathing rate (BR) based on signal processing techniques. Our algorithm is val...Show More
The Covid-19 outbreak has caused disruptions in the education sector, making remote education the dominant mode for lecture delivery. The lack of visual feedback and physical interaction makes it very hard for teachers to measure the engagement level of students during lectures. This paper proposes a time-bounded window operation to extract statistical features from raw gaze data, captured in a re...Show More
Cellular communication researchers and engineers are both interested in the potential use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as aerial base stations. In comparison to terrestrial communications or systems based on high-altitude networks, on-demand wireless systems using low-altitude UAVs can be deployed faster, can be reconfigured more easily, and will likely have better communication channels due...Show More