This paper evaluates the impact of nonzero, dead time when implementing classical, numerical, frequency measurement algorithms and computes observables such as the 2-pair (Allan) variance. The extended 2-pair variance algorithms which permit increasing the effective averaging terms by computational methods is investigated. This methodology permits straightforward use of Fourier techniques and the ...Show More
The use of digital techniques for the precise measurement of medium- and short-term frequency stability of oscillators requires good resolution of the frequency counter. In the case of microwave oscillators, this is often preceded by some form of down-conversion. This paper is concerned with the theoretical principles, description, operation, and performance of a down-conversion system based on th...Show More
