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Azzam Mourad - IEEE Xplore Author Profile

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In this article, we tackle the network delays in the Internet of Things (IoT) for an enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) through a stable and optimized federated fog computing infrastructure. Network delays contribute to a decline in QoS for IoT applications and may even disrupt time-critical functions. This article addresses the challenge of establishing fog federations, which are designed to enhan...Show More
Federated learning (FL) is a promising collaborative and privacy-preserving machine learning approach in data-rich smart cities. Nevertheless, the inherent heterogeneity of these urban environments presents a significant challenge in selecting trustworthy clients for collaborative model training. The usage of traditional approaches, such as the random client selection technique, poses several thre...Show More
Federated learning (FL) gained importance in sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) environments by creating a privacy-preserving ecosystem where participants share machine-learning models instead of raw data. However, FL shifts data control away from the server, exposing it to non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) problems caused by biased clients (IoT devices). This hinders the learn...Show More
As the Metaverse develops, it is becoming more crucial to prioritize the safety of users, especially regarding the potential risks, such as users experiencing dizziness or making incorrect movements that may lead to falls. With more virtual environments becoming increasingly available and immersive, detecting and preventing falls within the Metaverse is required. Given the constrained resources of...Show More
With the widespread use of smartphones and wearable devices, Mobile Crowdsourcing (MCS) has become a powerful method for gathering and processing data from various users. MCS offers several advantages, including improved mobility, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and the utilization of collective human intelligence. However, ensuring the authenticity of users throughout the data collection process...Show More
In urban environments, efficiently decrypting CP-ABE in VANETs is a significant challenge due to the dynamic and resource-constrained nature of these networks. VANETs are critical for ITS that improve traffic management, safety, and infotainment through V2V and V2I communication. However, managing computational resources for CP-ABE decryption remains difficult. To address this, we propose a hybrid...Show More
Healthcare institutions and medical device manufacturers are under regulatory obligations to safeguard and protect the privacy of data they acquire from patients. This limits their ability to share the data with other institutions to collectively train machine learning models. Due to its ability in preserving the privacy of data used in training models, Federated Learning (FL) has been proposed as...Show More
Rapid advancements in deep learning (DL) and the availability of the large data sets have made the adoption of DL highly appealing across various fields. Wireless communication systems, including future 6G systems are anticipated to incorporate intelligent components like automatic modulation classification (AMC) for the cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access. However, DL-based AMC models are...Show More
The Metaverse offers a second world beyond reality, where boundaries are non-existent, and possibilities are endless through engagement and immersive experiences using the virtual reality (VR) technology. Many disciplines can benefit from the advancement of the Metaverse when accurately developed, including the fields of technology, gaming, education, art & culture, socialization, commerce, and bu...Show More
As the cloud moves from monolithic infrastructure to a self-isolated cloud native microservice environment, automation is becoming an important aspect for the management of the application life cycle. In this context, there are many tools available that can monitor these applications and raise alarms. However, automated orchestration is still in its early stages, and the available solutions are no...Show More
The rapid progress of the artificial intelligence (AI) sector has greatly impacted vehicular edge components (VECs) in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). Various AI applications, including automatic driving, preaccident alerts, and video broadcasting, have become essential to meet VANET’s diverse requirements. However, implementing these applications in the resource-constrained urban sensing en...Show More
Federated learning (FL) is a promising approach for processing on-board data in vehicular networks due to its distributed nature and its ability to accurately and efficiently handle the large amount of sensed data. However, training and transmitting the model parameters during FL process can consume a significant amount of energy and time, which is not suitable for applications with strict real-ti...Show More
Network delays cause a reduction in the Quality-of-Service (QoS) for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, and even render time-critical applications inoperative. The paper tackles the problem of forming fog federations that aim to improve the QoS. However, instabilities within fog federations might cause some providers to withdraw from the federation, and thus decrease the profit of the federati...Show More
This paper proposes a scheme addressing the challenges of integrating privacy-preserving distributed machine learning in the Internet of Things (IoT) context while improving the efficiency of the learning process and accelerating the convergence of the model. Specifically, it addresses the presence of non-independent and identically distributed (Non-IID) data and device heterogeneity, which occurs...Show More
In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, ensuring the security of systems requires continuous authentication over sessions and comprehensive access management during user interaction with a device. With the increasing use of smartphones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Split Learning (SL) and Federated Learning (FL) have emerged as promising technologies that can tackle the authen...Show More
With an innovative door opened for a new era of Machine Learning, Federated Learning (FL) is now revolutionizing Artificial Intelligence. It exploits both decentralized data and decentralized computation to preserve user privacy. Albeit its popularity and being the most widely used framework nowadays, FL becomes a sub-optimal solution when the convergence of the global model occurs at a slow pace,...Show More
Fog computing empowers the internet of vehicles (IoV) paradigm by offering computational resources near the end users. In this dynamic paradigm, users tend to move in and out of the range of fog nodes which has implications for the quality of service of the vehicular applications. To cope with these limitations, scholars addressed forming federations of fog providers for task offloading purposes. ...Show More
Internet of Things (IoT), Digital Twin (DT), and Federated Learning (FL) are redefining the future vision of globalization. While IoT is about sensing data from physical devices, DTs reflect their digital representation and enable optimized decision-making by tightly integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI). Although swiftly growing, DTs are raising new challenges in privacy concerns, which are no...Show More
Federated Learning (FL) systems choose a certain number of clients from each round to take part in the learning. The ability to have more available clients in the learning areas is achieved using containerization technology. However, reliability concerns raise doubts about the trustworthiness of these devices as Docker containers are deployed on them to be able to serve as clients in FL scenarios....Show More
Federated Learning (FL) is a revolutionary privacy-preserving distributed learning framework that allows a small group of users to cooperatively build a machine-learning model using their own data locally. Smart cities are areas that can generate high volume and critical data, which has the potential to revolutionize federated learning. Nevertheless, it is highly challenging to select a trustworth...Show More
In this paper, we increase the availability and integration of devices and models together in the learning process to enhance the convergence of federated learning (FL) models. The majority of the literature suggested client selection techniques to accelerate convergence and boost accuracy. However, none of the existing proposals have focused on the flexibility to deploy and select clients as need...Show More
To cope with the increasing growth of last-mile delivery, crowdsourcing last-mile delivery has been adopted as a flexible and cost-efficient way to deliver parcels quickly and efficiently. However, some potential downsides to crowdsourcing last-mile delivery include concerns about safety, reliability, and transparency. Therefore, blockchain has been adopted to promote transparency in the last-mile...Show More
Federated learning (FL) is a novel distributed privacy-preserving learning paradigm, which enables the collaboration among several participants (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) devices) for the training of machine learning models. However, selecting the participants that would contribute to this collaborative training is highly challenging. Adopting a random selection strategy would entail substant...Show More
The “black-box” nature of artificial intelligence (AI) models has been the source of many concerns in their use for critical applications. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a rapidly growing research field that aims to create machine learning models that can provide clear and interpretable explanations for their decisions and actions. In the field of cybersecurity, XAI has the potential...Show More
In this article, we increase the availability and integration of devices in the learning process to enhance the convergence of federated learning (FL) models. To address the issue of having all the data in one location, FL, which maintains the ability to learn over decentralized data sets, combines privacy and technology. Until the model converges, the server combines the updated weights obtained ...Show More