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Synthetic Inductance Standards Made Up of Capacitances and Gyrators
Inductance standards currently available are made up of toroidal inductors, i.e., coils of wire wound around a toroidal nonmagnetic core. The maximum inductance achievable is 10 H, while modern LCR meters offer measurement ranges up to more than 10 kH. Due to their winding capacitance and wire resistance, toroidal inductors exhibit quite large parasitic elements that restrict the operating frequen...Show More
Synthetic inductance standards made up of capacitances and gyrators
2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM)
Year: 2020 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
Inductance standards currently available are made up of toroidal inductors, i.e. coils of wire wound around a toroidal non-magnetic core. The maximum inductance achievable is 10 H, while modern LCR meters offer measurement ranges up to more than 10 kH. Due to their winding capacitance and wire resistance, toroidal inductors exhibit quite large parasitic elements that restrict the operating frequen...Show More
A new AC–DC transfer device for high voltages and high frequencies using electrooptic modulation
2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM)
Year: 2020 | Conference Paper |
AC-DC transfer is performed almost exclusively using thermal converters. At voltages above a few volts, series resistors are used to extend the permissible voltage, which leads to significant power being drained from the source. By contrast, sensing the electrical field in a suitable electrode system by utilizing the Pockels effect of an electrooptic crystal will draw just a small, almost only cap...Show More
Planar Multijunction Thermal Converters With Increased Sensitivity Operated in Hermetically Sealed Housings Filled With Noble Gas
The sensitivity of planar multijunction thermal converters was significantly increased by filling the housing with noble gasses, preferably xenon or krypton. The performance was observed for almost two years, and no degradation of the sensitivity was found. Also, the frequency response of the ac-dc transfer difference remains unchanged at high frequencies and even improves below 40 Hz. Using the l...Show More
Planar Multijunction Thermal Converters with Increased Sensitivity Operated in Hermetically Sealed Housings Filled with Noble Gas
2018 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2018)
Year: 2018 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
The sensitivity of planar multijunction thermal converters (PMJTCs) was significantly increased by filling the housing with noble gases, preferably xenon or krypton. The performance was observed for more than one year and no degradation of sensitivity was found. Also the frequency response of the AC-DC transfer difference remains unchanged at high frequencies and even improves below 40 Hz. Using t...Show More
AC–DC Current Transfer Standards Suitable for Use Below 1mA and up to 1MHz
Traceability for ac currents below 1mA is needed to calibrate calibrators and multimeters at frequencies up to at least 100 kHz. Since the sensitivity of thermal convertors is not sufficient, only transfer standards using amplifiers are suitable. A newly designed combination of an amplifier and a shunt works at higher frequencies up to 1MHz.Show More
Bilateral International Inductance Comparison Using Traveling Standards in Thermoregulated Enclosures
Torsten Funck;Harald Bothe;Axel Kölling;Alexandre Satrapinski;Esa-Pekka Suomalainen
Standards with toroidal windings are traditionally used for international comparisons of inductance. The achieved uncertainties of the comparisons are dominated by the rather high temperature coefficient of the traveling standards. Hence, thermoregulated enclosures were developed at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) a few years ago. These have now been refined and their suitability for t...Show More
AC–DC Disk Resistors Made of Surface Mount Components
Disk resistors are widely used in micropotentiometers up to frequencies in the radio frequency range. They offer very small AC-DC differences but the permissible power dissipation is quite small. Also, the resistance value is poorly defined due to the lack of four-terminal connections. This can be overcome by newly designed disk resistors made of surface mount device components [1]. They are also ...Show More
AC-DC current transfer standards suitable for use below 1 mA and up to 1 MHz
2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016)
Year: 2016 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
Traceability for AC currents below 1 mA is needed to calibrate calibrators and multimeters at frequencies up to at least 100 kHz. Since the sensitivity of thermal convertors is not sufficient, only transfer standards using amplifiers are suitable. A newly designed combination of an amplifier and a shunt works at higher frequencies up to 1 MHz as well.Show More
Automated setup for calibration of calibrators at alternating voltage and alternating current
2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016)
Year: 2016 | Conference Paper |
Calibrators are compact devices generating reference values for voltage, current, resistance and other quantities and are mainly used to calibrate measuring devices. Especially for AC quantities, there are wide parameter ranges for the generated values and frequencies, so that the traceable calibration of calibrators is a challenge. Different approaches have been investigated in order to design an...Show More
AC-DC disk resistors made of surface-mount components
2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016)
Year: 2016 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
Disk resistors are widely used in micropotentiometers up to frequencies in the radio frequency (RF) range. They offer very small AC-DC differences but the permissible power dissipation is quite small. Also the resistance value is poorly defined due to the lack of four-terminal connections. This can be overcome by newly designed disk resistors made of surface mount (smd) components. They are also w...Show More
Bilateral international inductance comparison using traveling standards in thermoregulated enclosures
Torsten Funck;Harald Bothe;Axel Kolling;Alexandre Satrapinski;Esa-Pekka Suomalainen
2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016)
Year: 2016 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (3)
Standards with toroidal windings are traditionally used for international comparisons of inductance. The achieved uncertainties of the comparisons are dominated by the rather high temperature coefficient of the traveling standards. Hence, thermoregulated enclosures were developed at PTB a few years ago. These have now been refined and their suitability for the transportation of standards has been ...Show More
Calculated Frequency Behavior of the PTB Calculable Capacitor in Audio Frequency Range
Monthol Homklintian;Torsten Funck;Jürgen Melcher;Hans Bachmair
A determination of the frequency behavior of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) calculable capacitor in the audio frequency range is carried out by applying an equivalent circuit model. The circuit model considers the influence of distributed admittances and impedances within the calculable capacitor and has been derived from the main currents flowing inside the calculable capacitor a...Show More
Calculated frequency behaviour of the PTB calculable capacitor in audio frequency range
29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)
Year: 2014 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
A determination of the frequency behaviour of the PTB calculable capacitor in the audio frequency range is carried out by applying an equivalent circuit model. The circuit model considers the influence of distributed admittances and impedances within the calculable capacitor and has been derived from the main currents flowing inside the calculable capacitor and the voltage drops caused by these cu...Show More
Electrical waveforms from vibrational energy harvesters: A trilateral measurement comparison
Luca Callegaro;Cristina Cassiago;Marco Sellone;Rado Lapuh;Boštjan Voljč;Miha Kokalj;Torsten Funck;Tobias Möhring
29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)
Year: 2014 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (1)
The traceable measurement of the output signals of vibrational energy harvesters is needed in any determination of their electromechanical energy conversion properties. These signals have highly distorted waveforms, for which conventional meters show poor measurement performance. In the framework of the EMRP 2009 Metrology for energy harvesting project we realized three different meters, based on ...Show More
Verification of the low frequency ac-dc transfer difference of thermal converters using sampling with sine wave fit
29th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2014)
Year: 2014 | Conference Paper |
Thermal converters show significant ac-dc transfer differences at low frequencies due to nonlinearities of the thermocouples. It is assumed, that the ac-dc transfer differences at low frequencies are proportional to the input power. This assumption was proofed using an independent method with sampling techniques. A novel approach based on sinewave fitting is used to calculate the effective value o...Show More
Automated capacitance bridge for calibration of capacitors with nominal value from 10 nF up to 10 mF
2012 Conference on Precision electromagnetic Measurements
Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (6)
This paper describes an automatized capacitance bridge (KRMS-C) developed for calibration of dielectric loss capacitors in the wide range from 10 nF up to 10 mF at frequencies from 50 Hz up to 10 kHz. The system is based on technique, where voltage drops across known and unknown impedance are measured and when measurement conditions are fulfilled, the value of the unknown impedance can be evaluate...Show More
Characterization of a 2-channel digitizer with differential inputs
2012 Conference on Precision electromagnetic Measurements
Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (4)
The input characteristics of a two-channel high speed digitizer have been improved utilizing high accurate and matched instrumentation amplifiers and the complete system has been characterized. DC linearity and stability have been investigated and a correction function for the digital filter of the digitizer has been formed for up to 35% of its sampling frequency.Show More
Characterizing the impedance of the electrodes of a calculable cross capacitor by fourterminal measurement techniques
2012 Conference on Precision electromagnetic Measurements
Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |
A study to characterize the impedance of the electrodes of a calculable cross capacitor by means of four-terminal measurement techniques has shown that the inductance is a function of frequency mainly caused by magnetic properties and skin effect. The four-terminal measurement technique used can eliminate the effects resulting from the lead impedances and contact resistances. Moreover, the disturb...Show More
Rebuilding of the Scales for ac-dc transfer at PTB with reduced uncertainties of measurement
2012 Conference on Precision electromagnetic Measurements
Year: 2012 | Conference Paper |
Cited by: Papers (10)
Ac-dc transfer at PTB is performed using planar multijunction thermal converters. Scaling is used to calibrate standards for different voltage and current levels with calculable thermal converters on a quartz substrate as a reference. The number of steps in the scaling could be significantly reduced by exploiting the full dynamic range of the multijunction thermal converters which led to lower ove...Show More
In an extension from their original use as references for measuring dc voltage, Josephson generated voltages from programmable arrays have been employed to measure waveforms differentially. In this paper, the alternative of using these Josephson voltages as a reference for ac-dc difference measurements using thermal converters and sampling techniques is presented.Show More
AC-DC difference measurements relative to Josephson generated voltages
Year: 2010 | Conference Paper |
Investigations using an improved Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) system
Detlef Schleußner;Oliver F. Kieler;Ralf Behr;Johannes Kohlmann;Torsten Funck
This paper describes an improved Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) at PTB. The improvements led to a more user-friendly JAWS system with a lower complexity. JAWS arrays which deliver a pure sine wave spectrum have been developed. Preliminary measurements of AC-AC differences in the frequency range from 125 Hz to 20 kHz are presented.Show More
The frequency dependence of air capacitors in the range of 20 kHz to 1 MHz was determined by measuring inductance and capacitance values at the reference frequency of 1 kHz and calculating the frequency dependence of the capacitance. An equivalent circuit in three-terminal configuration was chosen in order to increase the precision of the model. Measurements were performed on air capacitors of the...Show More
The EMRP project metrology for energy harvesting
J. Melcher;M. Cain;A. Bounouh;A. Cuenat;A. Jacquot;A. Manninen;M. Heinonen;B. Schumacher;F. Edler;J. Rees;M. Jaegle;M. Zucca;P. Klapetek;R. Lapuh;T. Funck
End of 2009 EURAMET, the European metrology organization opened a call to advance measurement science and technology in the field of Energy by providing funding for Joint Research Projects to be funded jointly by the European Commission and the participating countries as a part of the European Treaty. This paper describes a planned project; no technical results will be available at the time of the...Show More
Improved High-Input-Impedance mV-Amplifiers With Gain Factors From 10 to 900
New millivolt-amplifiers (mV-amplifiers) driving planar multijunction thermal converters (PMJTCs) at their output have been developed to measure the output voltage of micropotentiometers (mupots). Using a twin-stage design with gains of 10, 20, and 30 per stage, total gain factors ranging from 10 to 900 are achieved. This results in a usable range of input voltages from 100 muV up to 100 mV at fre...Show More
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