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Delgermaa Nergui - IEEE Xplore Author Profile

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The operability and total-ionizing-dose (TID) response of 45-nm annular RF silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nFETs are evaluated and compared with standard layouts. All devices were exposed to 10-keV X-rays, up to a dose of 1 Mrad(SiO2), at both high-gate/low-drain and low-gate/high-drain irradiation conditions. Differences in damage response to dc and small-signal performance between samples are observe...Show More
Total-ionizing dose (TID) response and enhanced low-dose-rate-sensitivity (ELDRS) of newly-developed silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) integrated in a 45-nm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PDSOI) BiCMOS process are evaluated. The devices showed good TID tolerance when irradiated at both low and high dose rates. The SiGe HBTs experienced increased collector...Show More
This work investigates the automatic design of silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) germanium profiles utilizing Bayesian optimization in a commercial TCAD engine. The time-intensive nature of device simulation renders standard numerical optimization strategies infeasible, as gradients are expensive to approximate, and candidate objective functions, such as device minim...Show More
This paper investigates the mixed-mode (MM) reliability of fourth-generation silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 25 K. Results show that the classical MM damage mechanism, which results in increased base leakage current as a result of hot carriers generated in the CB junction, becomes more prevalent as temperature is decreased, but that at tem...Show More
Europa lies in Jupiter’s colossal radiation belt, producing radiation surface conditions that are so severe (5 Mrad[Si]) that most modern electronics would experience degradation in a matter of days. This challenge, coupled with the sub-100 K surface temperatures, leads to a very hostile environment for a viable electronic infrastructure. To help enable a future mission for landing on Europa’s sur...Show More
Three third-order digital modulation schemes, rectangular 8-quadrature amplitude modulation (8-QAM), 8-phase shift keying (8-PSK), and star 8-QAM are compared for RF receiver-level single-event upset (SEU) sensitivity using laser pulses to strike the low-noise amplifier (LNA). Star 8-QAM had significantly better SEU resilience than 8-PSK and rectangular 8-QAM, suggesting that the choice of the con...Show More
The application of radiation-hardening by design (RHBD) to the low-noise amplifier (LNA) in an RF communications receiver has promise for improving data fidelity in applications subject to single-event effects (SEEs). In order to overcome the challenges of empirically modeling single-event transient (SET) propagation in RF receivers, calibrated technology computer-aided design (TCAD) is used to pe...Show More
Optical single-event transients (OSETs) were measured for the first time in integrated silicon-photonic (SiPh) phase shifters and Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs). A pulsed laser was utilized to induce a dense cloud of electron–hole pairs (EHPs) in one arm of the MZM by employing the two-photon absorption (TPA) process. Experimental data demonstrated the creation and propagation of transients in bot...Show More
A comparison of laser-induced single-event transients (SETs) in silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (SiGe HBT) variants designed for high-speed (HS) applications and high-breakdown (HB) applications is presented. A significantly lower amplitude SET response at low laser pulse energies was observed in the HS device compared to the HB device. At high laser pulse energies, however, th...Show More
Standard digital modulation schemes are compared for receiver-level single-event upset (SEU) sensitivity. Single-event transients (SETs) on the wideband silicon–germanium (SiGe) low-noise amplifier (LNA) carrying on–off keying (OOK), binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), and frequency-shift keying (2-FSK) modulated data were induced using laser pulses. Both the modulation scheme and its detection meth...Show More
The effects of carbon doping in the SiGe base on the electrical reliability of SiGe HBTs are investigated. This study uses three separate SiGe HBTs, each with an identical process flow with the exception of the carbon dose introduced during the SiGe epitaxial growth. These devices are characterized for open-base collector-emitter breakdown voltage $BV_{CEO}$ and open-emitter collector-base breakdo...Show More
In this work, integrated silicon-photonic waveguides are exposed to ionizing radiation. A microbeam X-ray source was utilized to deliver an isolated dose to a waveguide that behaved as one branch of an integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure, such that any radiation-induced phase shifts can be directly measured. It is found that the silicon waveguides used in the present study exhib...Show More
The impact of carbon doping on the single-event transient (SET) response of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) was evaluated using pulsed-laser charge generation via two-photon absorption (TPA). Special device structures with different amounts of carbon were fabricated by GlobalFoundries and characterized. Despite the fact that carbon is known to introduce bulk traps in the SiGe film, ...Show More
To support the use of SiGe BiCMOS for future mission targets such as Europa, which are subject to high radiation doses and cryogenic temperatures, SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) were exposed to 1-MeV electrons to 5 Mrad(Si) at 300, 200, and 115 K. The presented results are the first in situ characterization of electron irradiation at cryogenic temperatures in SiGe HBTs. Lower tempe...Show More
The total-ionizing-dose response of third-generation SiGe HBTs was investigated at elevated temperatures (80 °C and 130 °C) and compared with the response at 30 °C. The devices show less damage to irradiation at higher temperatures. Annealing experiments and TCAD simulations are used to investigate the degradation mechanism. The reduced degradation in forward mode at elevated temperatures is cause...Show More
Ion-induced SETs were captured from a germanium photodiode (PD) in an integrated silicon photonics technology platform. Statistics from 400 ion-strike events were extracted for various optical powers and LETs incident on the PD. The results show that the transient peak decreases with increasing optical power. TCAD simulation results indicate that photo-generated carriers decrease the built-in elec...Show More
Integrated silicon microwave pin diodes are exposed to 10-keV X-rays up to a dose of 2 Mrad(SiO2) and 14-MeV fast neutrons up to a fluence of $2.2\,\,\boldsymbol {\times }\,\,10\,\,^{\mathrm{ 13}}$ cm−2. Changes in both dc leakage current and small-signal circuit components are examined. Degradation in performance due to total-ionizing dose (TID) is shown to be suppressed by non-quasi-static (NQ...Show More
This article presents an experimental study of single-event transients (SETs) induced by pulsed X-rays in SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). Device-level transient data and circuit-level upset data from pulsed X-rays are analyzed and compared to those of heavy-ions. 3-D TCAD modeling is utilized to understand the source of the differences in the transients. The transient peak from the...Show More
A comparison of heavy-ion-induced single-event transients (SETs) in silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) fabricated on both bulk and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates is presented. Experimental heavy-ion data show a reduction of sensitive volume of $\approx 350\times $ for the SiGe HBTs fabricated on SOI compared to those on a bulk substrate. Furthermore, the result...Show More
A novel approach for two-photon absorption (TPA) pulsed-laser testing produces extended charge deposition profiles that are analogous to those produced by heavy ions. In this approach, which utilizes an axicon rather than a spherical lens, the conventional Gaussian beam is replaced by a quasi-Bessel beam. The key feature of a quasi-Bessel beam, relevant to pulsed-laser single-event effects (PL-SEE...Show More
The propagation of single-event transients from the electrical to the photonic domain in a segmented Mach-Zehnder modulator was investigated using pulsed-laser measurements and lumerical simulations. Although electrical transients can heavily degrade the input data to the modulator, almost all of the degradation can be suppressed once it is converted into the optical domain. The mitigation of tran...Show More
An approach for determining the optimal laser parameters (i.e., pulse energy, focused spot size, wavelength, and pulse duration) for correlating single-event transients induced via two-photon absorption (TPA) and heavy ions is presented. The approach focuses on identification and extraction of waveform characteristics, or “features,” and minimizing the error between features produced by TPA and io...Show More
The doping profile of silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) is modified to enhance inverse-mode (IM) device operation. Device improvements are presented in this paper, along with the impact the alterations have on the radiation effects response. This investigation represents the first published occurrence of a radiation-hardening-by-process approach in a SiGe HBT technol...Show More