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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Publication Information
Year: 2021 | Volume: 12 | Issue: 3
Enabling Online Scheduling for Multi-Microgrid Systems: An Event-Triggered Approach
Xiaodong Yang;Youbing Zhang;Hangfei Wu;Jinyu Wen;Shijie Cheng
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1836 - 1852
Cited by: Papers (12)
This article proposes a flexible event-triggered online scheduling (ETOS) method for residential multi-microgrid (MMG) systems integrating internal scheduling and external energy sharing levels. Our novelties lie in the flexible ETOS framework embedding customized functions and the fair energy sharing mechanism. Unlike time-triggered methods with a holistic controller and complex mechanisms, the p...Show More
A Scheduled Intentional Islanding Method Based on Ranking of Possible Islanding Zone
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1853 - 1866
Cited by: Papers (17)
In this article, a new ranking based approach is adopted that can rank different islanding zones (IZs) based upon their stability indices during any major disturbances incepted inside the microgrid. A ranking index, known as Ranking of Islanded Zone (ROIZ), is formulated for all possible IZs inside the microgrid which indicates the stability of each zone. If the values of ROIZ are positive, then t...Show More
MicroGrid Resilience-Oriented Scheduling: A Robust MISOCP Model
Natalia-Maria Zografou-Barredo;Charalampos Patsios;Ilias Sarantakos;Peter Davison;Sara Louise Walker;Philip C. Taylor
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1867 - 1879
Cited by: Papers (35)
This article introduces a Robust Mixed-Integer Second Order Cone Programming (R-MISOCP) model for the resilience-oriented optimal scheduling of microgrids (MGs). This is developed for MGs that are islanded due to a scheduled interruption from the main grid, where minimizing both operational costs and load shedding is critical. The model introduced presents two main benefits. Firstly, an accurate s...Show More
A Unified Distributed Cooperative Control of DC Microgrids Using Consensus Protocol
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1880 - 1892
Cited by: Papers (50)
In this work, we propose an effective and simple control approach for islanded DC microgrids that allows each distributed generator (DG) to achieve accurate voltage regulation and power-sharing. An improved dynamic consensus protocol, which is robust to measurement noise and states initialization, is employed to enable each agent to locally calculate the average bus voltage with a sparse cyber net...Show More
Cooperative Optimization of Networked Microgrids for Supporting Grid Flexibility Services Using Model Predictive Control
Felix Garcia-Torres;Pablo Báez-Gonzalez;Javier Tobajas;Francisco Vazquez;Emilio Nieto
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1893 - 1903
Cited by: Papers (13)
The transition towards fully renewable energy-based power systems will require to increase the number of reserves at the System Operators' (SOs) disposal to provide flexibility on the energy management process. The microgrid's ability of integrating distributed energy resources, loads and energy storage systems (ESS) appears as a powerful flexibility tool. Nevertheless, the associated control prob...Show More
A Harmonic Time-Current-Voltage Directional Relay for Optimal Protection Coordination of Inverter-Based Islanded Microgrids
Wael T. El-Sayed;Maher A. Azzouz;Hatem H. Zeineldin;Ehab F. El-Saadany
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1904 - 1917
Cited by: Papers (40)
Inverter-interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) are characterized by their low fault current contributions that impose a major challenge for microgrid protection. This article proposes a new overcurrent protection strategy that utilizes a third harmonic voltage generated by the IIDG controller during short-circuit faults. By generating harmonic voltages, a new current flow layer in the harmonic...Show More
Current Injection Power Flow Analysis and Optimal Generation Dispatch for Bipolar DC Microgrids
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1918 - 1928
Cited by: Papers (45)
This article presents a current injection power flow analysis and optimal generation dispatch method for bipolar DC microgrids. In bipolar DC systems, despite a certain local voltage being balanced by the converter control, voltage unbalance can occur at buses that are electrically far from the balanced voltage. In addition, from the aspect of system operation, the optimization of operation cost a...Show More
A FDI Attack-Resilient Distributed Secondary Control Strategy for Islanded Microgrids
Yulin Chen;Donglian Qi;Hangning Dong;Chaoyong Li;Zhenming Li;Jianliang Zhang
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1929 - 1938
Cited by: Papers (116)
Distributed cooperative control has been used as a preferred secondary control strategy for maintaining frequency synchronization and voltage restoration in cyber-physical AC microgrids due to its flexibility, scalability and better computational performance. However, such a control system is susceptible to potential cyber attacks, i.e., false data injection (FDI) attacks. To this end, this articl...Show More
Waveform Difference Feature-Based Protection Scheme for Islanded Microgrids
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1939 - 1952
Cited by: Papers (19)
Unlike conventional synchronous generators, the fault characteristics of inverter-based distributed generators (IBDGs) are mainly determined by the inverter control strategies. Their limited fault current contributions make the protection design of islanded microgrids (MGs) become a major challenge. This article focuses on the fault characteristics and protection scheme design of islanded MGs. Fir...Show More
Observer-Based Resilient Integrated Distributed Control Against Cyberattacks on Sensors and Actuators in Islanded AC Microgrids
Mengxuan Shi;Xia Chen;Mohammad Shahidehpour;Quan Zhou;Jinyu Wen
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1953 - 1963
Cited by: Papers (53)
Compared with centralized control, distributed control for microgrids offers higher reliability and scalability. However, distributed control faces severe problems for maintaining the microgrid cybersecurity, which is due to the absence of central controllers for monitoring participating generation unit activities. This article proposes an observer-based resilient distributed control for AC microg...Show More
Distributed Control of Multi-Energy Storage Systems for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks: A Back-and-Forth Communication Framework
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1964 - 1977
Cited by: Papers (37)
Distributed storage systems (DESSs) are widely utilized to regulate voltages in active distribution networks with high penetration of volatile renewable energy. In this paper, the distributed multi-energy storage systems (MESSs) are integrated into the active distribution network to enhance the capability of voltage regulation by exploiting interactions among multi-energy loads. A novel distribute...Show More
An Incentive-Based Mechanism to Alleviate Active Power Congestion in a Multi-Agent Distribution System
Sajjad Fattaheian-Dehkordi;Mehdi Tavakkoli;Ali Abbaspour;Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad;Matti Lehtonen
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1978 - 1988
Cited by: Papers (30)
Increasing the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) inspired by environmental and governmental incentives, beside the introduction of multi-agent structure perspective have led to a paradigm shift of operational conditions in distribution systems. In this context, the traditional concept of fit and forget in the distribution grid management would not be efficient in the modern distri...Show More
Optimal Dispatch With Transformer Dynamic Thermal Rating in ADNs Incorporating High PV Penetration
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):1989 - 1999
Cited by: Papers (19)
Under the high penetration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) resources, distribution networks face great transfer capacity and voltage rise challenges, which drives the transformation to active distribution networks (ADNs). Transformers are critical and costly components that are generally hard to reinforce or replace. Dynamic thermal rating (DTR) is an effective strategy that can enhance the trans...Show More
Fast Probabilistic Hosting Capacity Analysis for Active Distribution Systems
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2000 - 2012
Cited by: Papers (33)
Interconnection studies for distributed energy resources (DERs) can currently take months since they entail simulating a large number of power flow scenarios. If DERs are to be actively controlled, probabilistic hosting capacity analysis (PHCA) studies become more time-consuming since they require solving multiple optimal power flow (OPF) tasks. PHCA is expedited here by leveraging the powerful to...Show More
Two-Stage Planning of Network-Constrained Hybrid Energy Supply Stations for Electric and Natural Gas Vehicles
Wei Gan;Mohammad Shahidehpour;Jianbo Guo;Wei Yao;Aleksi Paaso;Liuxi Zhang;Jinyu Wen
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2013 - 2026
Cited by: Papers (35)
The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and natural gas-fueled vehicles (NGVs) has introduced higher potentials for strengthening the coordination of transportation, natural gas, and electric networks. This article proposes the concept and the formulation of a planning model for hybrid energy supply stations (HESSes) to supply EVs and NGVs. In addition, this article coordinates the t...Show More
A Linear Branch Flow Model for Radial Distribution Networks and Its Application to Reactive Power Optimization and Network Reconfiguration
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2027 - 2036
Cited by: Papers (53)
This article presents a cold-start linear branch flow model named modified DistFlow. In modified DistFlow, the active and reactive power are replaced by their ratios to voltage magnitude as state variables, so that errors introduced by conventional branch flow linearization approaches due to their complete ignoring of network loss terms are reduced. Based on the path-branch incidence matrix, branc...Show More
Two-Stage Deep Reinforcement Learning for Inverter-Based Volt-VAR Control in Active Distribution Networks
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2037 - 2047
Cited by: Papers (86)
Model-based Vol/VAR optimization method is widely used to eliminate voltage violations and reduce network losses. However, the parameters of active distribution networks(ADNs) are not onsite identified, so significant errors may be involved in the model and make the model-based method infeasible. To cope with this critical issue, we propose a novel two-stage deep reinforcement learning (DRL) metho...Show More
Exploiting Power-to-Heat Assets in District Heating Networks to Regulate Electric Power Network
Mahmood Khatibi;Jan Dimon Bendtsen;Jakob Stoustrup;Tommy Mølbak
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2048 - 2059
Cited by: Papers (21)
New green energy policies are encouraging district heating (DH) companies to exploit heat production by power-to-heat (P2H) assets, e.g., heat pumps (HPs) and electric boilers (EBs). Therefore, they are shifting to exploit these assets in their distribution network besides the traditional central combined heat and power (CHP) units in their production chain. It will lead to an increasingly complex...Show More
Internet Data Center Load Modeling for Demand Response Considering the Coupling of Multiple Regulation Methods
Min Chen;Ciwei Gao;Mohammad Shahidehpour;Zuyi Li;Songsong Chen;Dezhi Li
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2060 - 2076
Cited by: Papers (44)
The coordination of multiple coupled regulation methods in Internet data centers (IDCs) is proposed in this article to make a full use of IDCs' spatial and temporal load regulation potentials for demand response (DR). A concise and analytical IDC load model is proposed to facilitate the DR in IDCs. First, the unified IDC load considering multiple coupled regulation methods is modeled represented b...Show More
Aggregated BESS Dynamic Models for Active Distribution Network Studies
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2077 - 2088
Cited by: Papers (20)
This article proposes a transmission-system-level aggregated model of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) distributed through Active Distribution Networks (ADNs), to study the dynamic performance and services provided by these systems to power grids. ADNs comprise intelligent loads, local generation, particularly solar PV, and BESSs, which can provide different services to transmission grids, i...Show More
Real-Time Distributed Economic Dispatch Adapted to General Convex Cost Functions: A Secant Approximation-Based Method
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2089 - 2101
Cited by: Papers (10)
The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in power systems has aroused interest in distributed economic dispatch (DED). While quadratic cost functions are usually adopted, those of DERs are not necessarily quadratic in practice. Existing distributed algorithms perform unsatisfying convergence rates under nonquadratic cost functions. Therefore, this article proposes a secant...Show More
Supplementary Controller for Seamless Transitions Between Microgrids Operation Modes
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2102 - 2112
Cited by: Papers (12)
This article proposes a supplementary controller for inverter based distributed generations (DGs) to damp out the power and frequency oscillations that may occur following the change in the operation mode of Microgrids (MG). The proposed supplementary controller is implemented in synchronous reference frame (SRF) using the port-controlled Hamiltonian modeling strategy. The proposed supplementary c...Show More
Incentive Design for Flexibility Provisions From Residential Energy Hubs in Smart Grid
Publication Year: 2021,Page(s):2113 - 2124
Cited by: Papers (13)
Transforming residential loads to residential energy hubs (REHs) and hence creating a flexibility in their energy consumption, can offer significant benefits to the power grid, such as peak reduction, congestion relief and capacity deferral. In this article a novel framework is proposed to simultaneously determine the optimal incentive paid by the local distribution company (LDC) to residential cu...Show More
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