Contents I. Introduction
As mobile communication devices become more capable and affordable, applications making use of localization of non-cooperative emitters in multipath environments and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) situations become increasingly more interesting. Various localization mechanisms have been proposed that combine traditional techniques, such as time difference of arrival (TDoA), with novel approaches based on fingerprinting, for instance using received signal strength (RSS) or channel impulse response (CIR) information. Many of these proposals rely exclusively on simulations using synthetic data sets, e.g., generated by ray tracing, for a localization accuracy analysis [1]–[10], because measurements are considered impractical, unfeasible or out of scope.
