Trust and energy aware Cluster modeling and spectrum handoff for cognitive radio ad-hoc network

This paper presents an energy aware cluster based architecture where trust aware model is used to improve energy efficiency and spectrum handoff framework is used to reduce handoff rate and thereby improve throughput. The main objectives are trustworthy node selection, cluster head detection, transmission power reduction and increasing successful data transmission by performing handoff. A set of cognitive radio nodes form a cluster based on minimum normalized distance and sensed common free channels. Cluster Head Election Cost (CHEC) is used to determine Cluster Head and Secondary Cluster Head. It also reduces delay for different network sizes compared to random handoff process. The performance of the proposed model has been evaluated through numerical simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively maximize the throughput of the Secondary User and reduce average handoff probability.

I. Introduction

Tremendous growths of wireless applications and technologies have brought an ever mounting demand for radio spectrum [1] [2]. But radio resources are usually limited for practical usage which leads to a spectrum scarcity problem and give rise to the necessity of better utilization of the available spectrum [3]. The Cognitive Radio Ad-hoc Network (CRAHN) is an emergent paradigm that has been considered as a promising concept for improving utilization of limited spectrum resources. CRAHN plays an important role in various spheres including smart grid, spectrum aware underwater network, public safety communication, leased network, military and emergency networks [4].