Studies on antagonistic effect of streptomyces species collected from polluted and non polluted environment

Actinomycetes were widely distributed in soil are the source of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistant pathogens pose an enormous threat to the treatment of wide range of serious infections. To overcome this emergence, a periodic replacement of the new and existing antibiotic is necessary, simultaneously doses also increasing day by day for the patients, which is carcinogen to the body. The pure form and amount of antibiotics gets saturated because of genetic modified species. The environment plays an important role in the activities of living beings including microorganisms. Our present study compares the bioactive compounds extracted from Actinomycetes from various polluted and non polluted area. Attempts were made to optimize the culture conditions for the production of antimicrobial metabolite by this strain. Antimicrobial metabolite production was started after twenty days of incubation. The extract of metabolite was obtained by solvent extraction method using ethylacetate and chloroform as solvent. The ethyl acetate and chloroform extract from the non polluted area exhibited reasonable antibacterial activities against a series of gram positive and gram negative bacteria where as for the polluted area the activity was comparatively less. In the disc diffusion method the crude ethylacetate and chloroform extract from the non polluted area showed a minimum of 9 mm inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and maximum of 13 mm of inhibition against Proteus vulgaris. The crude pigment was partially purified using Thin Layer Chromatography with the solvent system Chloroform: Methanol (30:70) and the organism collected from non polluted area has pure compounds than the polluted area. Actinomycetes form the non polluted area may offer the potential to understand and develop treatment for disease based on the normal physiological role of their secondary metabolites.

1. INTRODUCTION

Screening of microbial natural products continues to represent an important route to the discovery of novel chemicals for the development of new therapeutic agents and for evaluation of the potential of lesser-known and or new bacterial taxa[1]. Among the micro organisms, actinomycetes gain special importance, as they are the most potent source for the production of antibiotics and other bioactive secondary metabolites. The actinomycetes are Gram positive bacteria having high content in their DNA. The name ‘Actinomycetes’ was derived from Greek ‘aktis’ (a ray) and ‘mykes’ (fungus) and given to these organisms form initial observation of their morphology. Actinomycetes were originally considered to be an intermediate group between bacteria and fungi but now are recognized as prokaryotic organisms.