Contents I. Introduction
As information technology advances swiftly, the necessity for high-speed and reliable communication networks on a worldwide scale is increasingly intensifying. Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications have become a key component of 6 G networks, which offer the technical advantages of wide coverage, low latency, and high bandwidth. However, signals are susceptible to multipath and Doppler shift effects during satellite-terrestrial transmission. The number of users in LEO satellite communication systems is large and the spectrum resources are limited.
