Contents I. Introduction
In response to the growing concern regarding the environmental impact of the transportation sector, several initiatives have emerged to promote the use of sustainable transportation methods, such as electric vehicles (EVs). As fuel vehicles are a major pollutant, governments are pushing towards a general adoption of electric vehicles for a cleaner environment. However, the current EV infrastructure faces some major challenges that impede the extensive use of EVs. Indeed, public charging stations are not sufficient to meet the demand for charging. In order to meet these demands, different e-mobility providers will need to collaborate with other stakeholders, such as charging station operators (CSOs), to provide optimized and more convenient e-mobility services. Further, due to the lack of standardization, the infrastructure is susceptible to many security concerns and could be easily compromised. Furthermore, as the involved operators gather and store user’s data, the charging infrastructure faces many privacy concerns, which makes it non-compliant with privacy regulations, putting stakeholders at risk of fines that can be up to 4% of their turnover, according to the European law for privacy of data [1].
