Photovoltaic Properties of the Titanium Dioxide Compact Layer and Reduced Graphene Oxide for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Under Different Light Intensities

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) demonstrate excellent performance under low-light conditions. In this current study, an investigation into the DSSCs photovoltaic performance under different light densities was conducted. The photoanode was made with spin coating and doctor blade methods. The photovoltaic efficiency increased when the titanium tetrachloride (TiCl
₄
) treatment and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were introduced into the photoanode. The photoanode pretreatment and posttreatment of the TiCl
₄
process could effectively inhibit the recombination of the photogenerated electrons with the oxidized redox ions. The rGO could enhance the electron transport and so decrease the dark reaction. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 4.74% to 6.28% under 100 mW/cm
²
. The device achieved the optimal PCE at 10 mW/cm
²
of 8.78%.