Radiooculogram (ROG) for eye movement sensing with eyes closed

This paper presents radiooculogram (ROG), a novel sensor for non-invasive eye movement (EM) monitoring with eyes closed. We have experimentally demonstrated accurate measurements of EM frequency and directions for 5 participants and benchmarked ROG with electrooculogram (EOG). Compared with biopotential-based sensors, ROG has higher user comfort due to touchless operation and can capture direct muscle activity even in deep tissues. This work on voluntary EM sensing can serve as the baseline implementation for eventual sleep rapid EM monitoring.