Multi-time Scale Charging Control of Electric Vehicles Considering Electricity Market Incentives and Frequency Limit

A large number of renewable energy resources connected to the power system brings great uncertainty to the operation. Therefore, the demand for frequency regulation resources is increased by independent system operators (ISO). In order to regulate the frequency of the power system, enhance the anti-interference ability of the power grid and handle emergency, this paper proposes a multi-time scale charging control for electric vehicle aggregation (EVA) to participate in frequency regulation in the electricity market, including the day-ahead dispatch and real-time emergency control. Electric vehicle (EV) charging demand is considered in all scales and EVA allocate power to individual EV by Benders decomposition. The method is verified by applying the historical data of the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) market. The results show that the effect of frequency regulation is directly related to the quantity of the frequency regulation capacity. When an emergency occurs in the power system, EVA can provide emergency capacity to reduce the frequency deviation. This paper considers EV aggregator and ISO comprehensively, and provides a solution for their better interaction.