A Modified DE Algorithm Based Solution for Expected Security Cost Problem of Power Grids with Flexible Resources

A modified differential evolution (MDE) algorithm is proposed in this paper. This algorithm solves the problem of expected security cost dynamic optimal power flow (ESCDOPF). Additionally, to increase security and dependability, flexible resources (FRs) i.e., Demand Response (DR), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) linkages, etc., have been incorporated into the ESCDOPF problem. These flexible resources serve as a preventive control measure to enhance the energy efficiency of the system as a whole, resulting in a substantial decrease in fuel costs, power losses, power consumption and cost savings for utilities. Several case studies are presented, emphasising the role of flexible resources in lowering operational costs while maintaining an acceptable power balance by adhering to voltage and line loading constraints. The efficacy of the proposed MDE algorithm is tested on a modified IEEE 30 bus system in the MATLAB software environment. Results show that the ESCDOPF model with flexible resources offers secure, reliable, and better economic operations in scenarios like AC and multi-terminal AC-DC systems under normal and post-contingency conditions.