Efficient Energy-aware Multi-hop Routing Mechanism for Proximity Based Service

Most 5G ProSe-enabled UEs are typically powered by batteries with limited energy supply. To utilize energy more efficiently in multi-hop Proximity based Services (ProSe) relay UEs network environment, this paper introduces two efficient energy-aware multi-hop routing algorithms: Minimum Total Transmission Power Routing with Expected Lifetime constrain (MTPREL) and Condition Min-Max Expected Lifetime Cost Routing (CMMELCR), which can save energy and balance the energy usage to increase the lifetime of the multi-hop ProSe network. The performance of the algorithm is simulated and compared with Minimum Total Transmission Power Routing (MTPR) algorithm. The results show that the two mechanisms are able to gain optimal routing path extending battery life of ProSe links by balancing network traffic and nodes' energy in the network. In the future, the routing mechanism could be utilized by ProSe relays in the 5G+ and 6G networks. It can also be modified to fit P-RAN and multi-hop multi-path routing introduced in our future work to support high band deployments in 6G.