SPICE Implementation of Digital Counters for Battery Management Systems Used in Energy Storage Systems

Energy storage systems are complex systems where faults that occur or improper operation can potentially lead to battery destruction. In order to maintain the energy storage system safe and reliable, a battery management system (BMS) must be used. The basic functions of a battery management system are cell voltage, current and temperature measurement, as well as battery protection such as overcharge, deep discharge and overcurrent. Digital counters are essential elements in battery management systems because the functioning of a BMS is also based on event counting and can change the BMS's behavior depending on the type of battery's chemistry or on the energy storage system. Simulation has become the main circuit verification concept used nowadays, but the complex models like battery management systems have not been studied enough until now. Before building a complex BMS model, all its internal blocks must be modeled. For this reason, our paper proposes a new concept in this domain, namely a SPICE implementation of digital counters for battery management systems used in energy storage system. We simulated our model in OrCAD Capture environment and the results prove the correct behavior of the digital counter model.