Cost Effective Distributed Load Frequency Control With Imperfect Measurements

In this paper, we focus on load frequency control, where the system operator is assumed to first select the resources which are expected to provide load frequency control by carrying out a co-optimization between energy and ancillary service markets. Two kinds of payments are taken into account for the frequency control participants: the capacity payment and the performance payment. We first restructure the participants’ cost functions to decouple these two payments. Then, we introduce a fully distributed real time control framework based on a consensus-plus-innovations approach, providing an alternative to the centralized automatic generation control approach. A key aspect is that the objective of the real time dispatch is to choose the most cost effective real-time deployment of the load frequency resources. We numerically show that, even with imperfect measurements, our distributed control approach performs close to the centralized optimal economic dispatch.