Performance of Low-cost, Dual-frequency GNSS Modules for Ionospheric Studies

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals are frequently used for ionospheric studies, costly geodetic or special purpose receivers are utilized for the purpose. Compact, low-cost, dual-frequency GNSS modules are commercially available now, those are typically used for cost-effective geolocation applications. This manuscript presents the results of the study to explore the applicability of such compact modules for ionospheric studies. S
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indices are calculated and compared for GPS, GLONASS and Galileo signals for multiple frequency bands using data from two Ublox F9P compact modules concurrently operating with a geodetic GNSS receiver, and the values from both types of devices are found to be in good agreement. The results show the potential of the compact modules for the purpose in a cost and size efficient manner.