PMU-Based Estimation of Systematic Measurement Errors, Line Parameters, and Tap Changer Ratios in Three-Phase Power Systems

The availability of accurate data is fundamental for several monitoring and control applications of modern power grids. Nevertheless, the knowledge of critical data, such as transmission line and transformer parameters, is often affected by uncertainty. This can lead to important problems in the correct management of the power systems. In spite of a monitoring infrastructure that is being renewed due to new generation devices providing synchronized measurements, the actual values of line parameters and tap changer ratios are still affected by uncertainty sources that need to be properly considered. The behavior of all the elements involved in the measurement chain must be duly modeled. This article proposes an improved method to carry out the simultaneous estimation of line parameters, tap changer ratios, and systematic measurement errors for a three-phase power system. The proposed method is based on the suitable modeling of the measurement chain and three-phase constraint equations (voltage drop and current balance) of all the components involved. Its effectiveness is confirmed by tests performed on an IEEE 14-bus test system reproduced as a three-phase system under different operative conditions.